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特許經營的優點及缺點?

優點

對特許經營商而言

可以利用加盟商對當地市場的瞭解,透過財力、網絡及人力資源快速建立銷售網絡,提升品牌知名度,從而進入海外或內地市場。

 


對加盟商而言:

借助現成的成功品牌及經營模式創業

- 加盟者可以採用一個已經被證明為成功的產品及/或經營模式來創業,而毋須自行進行市場研究和開發等有關工作


- 特許經營商一般都有良好的商譽及品牌,故加盟者可以使用為人所熟知的商標經營,減省龐大的推廣費


 


經營指導、業務培訓

- 特許經營商一般都會提供適當的訓練,營運手冊和其他支援服務,使加盟者可以盡快掌握業務性質和有關管理技巧,所以就算稍欠經驗仍可有效地管理業務。


 


規模效益

- 特許經營商如設有中央廚房, 或提供統一採購,加盟者更可減低成本,增加盈利


- 由特許經營商負責全面的大型推廣活動,使加盟者得到專業的業務推廣服務及更大的推廣效果。


 



缺點

 


費用:

一般的「特許經營」合約都要求加盟店一開始便付出一筆固定的加盟費在合約期間,加盟店亦須按本身的營業額/利潤付出一定比例的特許經營費。在部分的「特許經營」合約中,特許經營商亦有權向加盟店收取一些諸如特許經營商亦有權向加盟店收取一些諸如宣傳費、顧問費等費用。

 


為了保證產品和服務的素質和水平,一般的特許經營商都會在「特許經營」合約中規定加盟店必須向特許經營商或其指定的公司採購器材、原料及所銷售的商品,一定程度上一定程度上限制了加盟店自由採購的機會,加盟店亦可能因此而要付出較高的價錢。

 


 


自主性和自由度低:

特許經營商一般都在合約中嚴格限制加盟店必須跟隨其所定的營運方式、產品組合及配方和服務水平,這要求限制了加盟者的自主性和自由度,亦可能使加盟店的商品數量及種類較其他競爭者少。

 


加盟者對所經營的業務未必熟悉(事實上,「特許經營」其中一個有吸引力的地方便是創業者並不一定需要有有關業務的經驗),因此,特許經營商所提供的培訓及支援服務便變得十分重要。這方面的服務不足,便有可能導致加盟店經營失敗。特許經營商的實力和經驗,是加盟者一定要注意的。

 


 


風險:

加盟者所擁有的只是一個有一定時限,但期滿可續的經營權。畢竟加盟者辛苦經營並不能為自己建立商譽,得益較大的是特許經營商。若「特許經營」合約期滿後,加盟者未能成功續約,又或因其他原因中止合約,加盟者便要放棄多年基業,重新開始。部分「特許經營」合約更可能限制加盟者合約結束後不能在同區經營類似的業務。


Advantages and Disadvantages of franchising

Advantages

For Franchisors:

The franchisor has many benefits for using franchising as a form of business expansion. Franchisor can utilize the franchisee’s assets including funds, time, faculties, network and ideas to expand, increase collective buying power, R&D of new products and services. A franchise can sell its business without giving away its ownership.

 


For Franchisees:

The business format is proven

- Franchisee has fewer risks as business format, brand and recognition is proven, and do not required to invest in market research and R&D during business development


 


Training and know-how

- Franchisor provides employee training for franchisees and its staff members. Training programs provides a huge benefit for owners, since franchisor also provides employee policies and information about the procedures that are key in maintaining smooth business operations.


- A franchise provides franchisees with a reliable support system, covering area such as procurement, distribution relationship, standardization, legal and finances etc. This offers especially benefits owners who have little experience with the industry and who do not have a large network of contacts


 


Lower Overhead Costs

- Franchisees can take advantage of the company’s nationwide distribution system when it comes to low-cost bulk purchasing


- Franchisees can save vast marketing and advertising fee on brand building as franchisors tends to centralized brand promotion


 



Disadvantages

 


Cost:

The general's "franchise" contract required franchisee to pay a fixed initial fee, then during the contract period, the franchisee may pay a certain percentage of their profit or turnover as the franchise fee. 

 


In order to ensure the quality and level of products and services, it is common that franchisee is required to purchase equipment and raw materials at designated suppliers requested by franchisors. Additional costs may involved with unified marketing and publicity by the group.

 


 


Low autonomy and freedom:

Franchisees must strictly follow a given mode of operation, product mix and recipes and service levels. It limits the franchisees autonomy and freedom, including the decision on scale of expansion, freedom on creates species and human resources management. 

 


Operated by franchisees of business may not be familiar with (in fact, "franchise" which is an attractive place to entrepreneurs do not necessarily need to have experience in the business), so that the training provided by the franchisor and Support services will become very important. Lack of services in this area, there could lead to franchise business failure. Franchisees strength and experience, franchisees must pay attention.

 


 


Risk:

Most franchise rights are granted for a limited period of time. There is a risk that franchisor refuse to renew or terminate the agreement for other reasons. Franchisees will have to give up years of foundation and start again. Some franchise agreement might restrict the franchisee in operating a similar business in the same area after franchise contract ends.



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